How to Identify Flounder Species
Scientific Name: Platichthys stellatus
Flounder are unique flatfish that have adapted to life on the ocean floor, with both eyes migrating to one side of their head during development. Our fish identification app helps you identify different flounder species through their distinctive asymmetrical features and bottom-dwelling adaptations. These master camouflage artists are prized for their excellent table fare and challenging fishing.
Physical Identification Features
Size & Weight
Flounder size varies by species. Summer flounder (fluke) can reach 25+ inches, winter flounder typically range 12-18 inches, and other species vary from 8-24 inches depending on type.
General Appearance
Flounder have flattened, asymmetrical bodies with both eyes on one side. The eyed side is darker with ability to change color, while the blind side is typically white or pale.
Distinguishing Features
Key features include the flattened body, both eyes on one side, mouth position and size, fin ray counts, and lateral line characteristics. Eye side (left or right) helps distinguish species.
Habitat & Distribution
Natural Environment
Flounder inhabit sandy and muddy bottoms in coastal waters, estuaries, and offshore areas. They prefer areas where they can bury themselves in sediment for camouflage and ambush feeding.
Geographic Distribution
Different flounder species are found along temperate and subtropical coastlines worldwide. In North America, they range from the Gulf of Mexico to Maritime Canada.
Seasonal Patterns
Many flounder species make seasonal migrations between shallow inshore waters and deeper offshore areas. Spawning typically occurs in offshore waters during fall and winter.
Behavior & Diet
Feeding Habits
Flounder are ambush predators that bury in sediment and wait for prey to pass overhead. They feed on fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and marine worms, striking with surprising speed.
Activity Patterns
Most active during moving tides and low-light conditions. Flounder often move into shallow water during high tide to feed and return to deeper water during low tide.
Fishing Tips & Techniques
Effective Techniques
Effective methods include drift fishing with live bait, bouncing jigs along the bottom, and still fishing with cut bait. Focus on sandy areas, channel edges, and structure transitions.
Recommended Gear
Medium action rods, spinning or conventional reels, and 15-25 lb test line. Use sinkers to maintain bottom contact and circle hooks. Popular baits include squid, minnows, and strip baits.
Conservation Status
Many flounder populations face pressure from overfishing. Regulations include minimum sizes, bag limits, and seasonal closures. Practice proper handling and release techniques for undersized fish.
Related Species
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